Process

Background checks explained.

The 4473 and NICS check are quicker and less invasive than most first-time buyers expect.

What a 4473 is

The ATF Form 4473 is the federal firearms transaction record. Every firearm purchased from an FFL requires one. You fill out Section A (buyer info and eligibility questions) at our counter; we complete the seller section and run the background check.

What the form asks

Personal info (name, address, DOB, ID details), citizenship, and a series of yes/no eligibility questions covering felony history, domestic violence, restraining orders, mental health adjudication, controlled substance use, and more. Answer honestly — false statements on a 4473 are a federal felony.

NICS check

Once the form is complete, we call the FBI's National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Most checks return in minutes with one of three results: Proceed, Delayed, or Denied.

How long it takes

Typical proceed: 5–15 minutes. Delays can last a few hours to several days depending on NICS workload. If delayed, we'll hold your firearm and call you as soon as the check clears. Virginia's mandatory waiting period does not exceed what federal NICS dictates.

What disqualifies

Common disqualifiers: felony conviction, domestic violence misdemeanor, active restraining order involving a domestic partner, adjudicated mental incompetence, dishonorable discharge, controlled substance user, fugitive from justice, and non-immigrant aliens (with exceptions). There are others — the 4473 lists all categories.

What to bring

Current Virginia driver's license or state-issued ID with your current address. If your ID doesn't show your current address (e.g., you recently moved), bring a utility bill or lease in your name dated within 60 days.